RESUMO: Em programas de fitorremediação de solo contaminado com herbicidas, faz-se necessário determinar a densidade adequada da espécie fitorremediadora, uma vez que essa prática irá contribuir para a eficiência do processo. Com isso, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a influência da densidade de Crotalaria juncea sobre a fitorremediação de solo contaminado com o herbicida sulfentrazone. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos plásticos em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de densidades da espécie fitorremediadora C. juncea (0, 60, 120 e 240 plantas m-2) e doses de sulfentrazone (0, 200 e 400 g i.a. ha-1). O herbicida foi aplicado nos vasos e, em seguida, procedeu-se à semeadura da espécie utilizada como fitorremediadora. Aos 75 dias após a emergência, as plantas foram seccionadas rente ao solo e descartadas. Posteriormente, efetuou-se no próprio vaso a semeadura da espécie bioindicadora da presença ou não de sulfentrazone no solo: Pennisetum glaucum. Na ausência de cultivo prévio de C. juncea, a massa fresca e a massa seca da parte aérea e da raiz de P. glaucum foram inferiores àquelas obtidas com cultivo prévio. À medida que aumentou a densidade de C. juncea, houve incremento na massa fresca e massa seca, independentemente da dose de sulfentrazone aplicada no solo. O cultivo prévio de C. juncea promoveu a remediação do solo contaminado com sulfentrazone. A densidade mínima de C. juncea que possibilita o desenvolvimento do P. glaucum é de 120 plantas m-2.

ABSTRACT: In phytoremediation programs of contaminated soil with herbicides, it is necessary to determine the appropriate density of phytoremediation species, since this practice will contribute to the efficiency of the process. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the influence of density in Crotalaria juncea on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils with the sulfentrazone herbicide. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using plastics pots. The treatments were the combination of density of C. juncea, (0, 60, 120 and 240 plants m-2) and doses of sulfentrazone (0, 200 and 400 g i.a. ha-1). The herbicide was applied on the pots and then the species used for phytoremediation were sown. At 75 days after emergence, the plants were cut close to the ground and discarded. Posteriorly, the bioindicator species for sulfentrazone, Pennisetum glaucum, was planted in each pot. In the absence of previous cultivation of C. juncea, the fresh mass and dry mass of shoot and root of P. glaucum were lower than those obtained with the previous cultivation. As the density of C. juncea increased, there was an increase in fresh mass and dry mass, regardless of the sulfentrazone dose applied to the soil. The earlier cultivation of C. juncea led to the remediation of the soil contaminated with sulfentrazone. The minimum density of C. juncea which allows P. glaucum to develop is 120 plants m-2.

A época de semeadura de arroz irrigado e a competição com arroz-vermelho estão entre os principais fatores que alteram o rendimento de grãos da cultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar épocas de semeadura do arroz irrigado e dos momentos de aplicação do herbicida imazapyr+imazapic no controle de arroz-vermelho e no rendimento de grãos de arroz irrigado. Realizaram-se oito experimentos nas seguintes épocas: (30/09, 19/10, 08/11 e 01/12) safra 2010/11 e (27/09, 17/10, 08/11 e 05/12) safra 2011/12. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: aplicação do herbicida imazapyr+imazapic nas doses de 105+35 g ha-1 em pré-emergência (PRE); 52,5+17,5 g ha-1 em pré-emergência e 52,5+17,5 g ha-1 em pós-emergência (PRE+POS); e 105+35 g ha-1 em pós-emergência (POS), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação e sem capina. O cultivar utilizado foi Puitá Inta CL, e o delineamento utilizado foi blocos ao acaso em quatro repetições. Realizou-se análise conjunta dos experimentos em cada safra. Ocorreu menor emergência de arroz-vermelho e maior rendimento de grãos de arroz irrigado no início da época (30/09/10 e 27/09/11), com 10.578 e 8.653 kg ha-1, respectivamente. No final da época (01/12/10 e 05/12/11), houve maior redução do banco de sementes do arroz-vermelho. A semeadura no início da época recomendada proporciona maior rendimento de grãos de arroz irrigado. A aplicação de imazapyr+imazapic nas doses de 52,5+17,5 g ha-1 em PRE + 52,5+17,5 g ha-1 POS e de 105+35 g ha-1 somente em PRE e POS foi eficiente no controle do arroz‑vermelho.

Irrigated rice sowing season and red rice competition are among the main factors affecting grain yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the sowing date of irrigated rice and moments of application of the herbicide imazapyr + imazapic to control red rice management and irrigated rice grain yield. Eight experiments were performed at the following dates (09/30, 10/19, 11/08 and 12/01) for the 2010/2011 harvest season and (09/27, 10/17, 11/08 and 12/05) for the 2011/2012 harvest season. The treatments were: application of the herbicide imazapyr + imazapic at doses of 105+35 g ha-1 in pre-emergence (PRE); 52.5+17.5 g ha‑1 in pre-emergence and 52.5+17.5 g ha-1 in post-emergence (PRE + POST); and 105+35 g ha-1 in post- emergence (POST), and a control without application and no weeding. The cultivar Puitá Inta CL was used and a randomized block design with four replicates. A joint analysis of the experiments was carried out. There was less emergence of red rice and higher grain yield of the irrigated rice at the early periods (09/30/10 and 09/27/11), with 10,578 and 8,653 kg ha-1, respectively. At the end of the season (12/01/10 and 12/05/11), there was greater reduction of the red rice seed bank. Sowing at the beginning of the recommended period provided more irrigated rice grain yield. The application of imazapyr + imazapic at a dose of 52.5+17.5 g ha-1 in PRE + 52.5+17.5 g ha-1 POST, and 105+35 g ha-1 only in PRE and POST was effective in the control of red rice.

The objective of this study was to investigate renal function in a cohort of 98 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) followed up at a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of the most recent medical examination were analyzed. Renal function was evaluated by the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the criteria of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). We compared patients with normal GFR to patients with decreased GFR (<60 mL·min-1·(1.73 m²)-1) and hyperfiltration (>120 mL·min-1·(1.73 m²)-1). Comparison between patients according to the use of hydroxyurea and comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters according to GFR were also carried out. Average patient age was 33.8 ± 13.3 years (range 19-67 years), and 57 (58.1%) patients were females. The comparison of patients according to GFR showed that patients with decreased GFR (<60 mL·min-1·(1.73 m²)-1) were older, had lower levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelets and higher levels of urea and creatinine. Independent risk factors for decreased GFR were advanced age (OR = 21.6, P < 0.0001) and anemia (OR = 39.6, P < 0.0001). Patients with glomerular hyperfiltration tended to be younger, had higher levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelets and lower levels of urea and creatinine, with less frequent urinary abnormalities. Hydroxyurea, at the dosage of 500-1000 mg/day, was being administered to 28.5% of the patients, and there was no significant difference regarding renal function between the two groups. Further studies are required to establish the best therapeutic approach to renal abnormalities in SCD.

Spontaneous plants of Ipomoea acuminata ("morning glory") exhibiting white rust pustules were found in a field crop area of Planaltina, DF, in the fall season of 2010 and the disease causal agent was identified as Albugo ipomoea-panduratae (Oomycota). No reports of the association between A. ipomoea-panduratae and I. acuminata were known in Brazil previously to 2010. A reference specimen was deposited at the University of Brasilia Mycological Reference Collection.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o teor de fósforo disponível no solo por métodos isotópico (valor E), químicos (extração com Bray 1, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3 e resina) e biológico (matéria seca), relacionando-os com as fontes e doses de fósforo, foi conduzido um ensaio em casa de vegetação. O solo utilizado foi um latossolo vermelho-amarelo distrófico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado 4x3: 4 doses de P (0, 50, 100 e 200 mg kg-1) e 3 fontes de termofosfato (Yoorin MC, Yoorin MG e Yoorin semi acabado) e mais um tratamento com superfosfato triplo (100 mg kg-1 de P) com 3 repetições. Os extratores Mehlich 1 e resina apresentam alta correlação entre o fósforo extraível do solo e o absorvido pela planta quando se utiliza termofosfato. As maiores correlações entre extratores foram encontradas com Mehlich 1 e resina (r = 0,96). A dose 200 mg kg-1 do Yoorin MC e do semi acabado proporcionaram as maiores produções de matéria seca (colmo e folha). O índice de eficiência agronômica mais alto ocorreu com o Yoorin semi acabado.

An experiment was carried out in greenhouse with the objective of evaluating soil P by chemical (extraction by Bray 1, Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3 and resin), isotopic (E value) and biological (dry matter production of rice plants) methods. A Red Yellow Latossol (dystrophic) was used. The experimental design was a completely randomized 4x3: 4 rates of P (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1), 3 thermophosphate sources (Yoorin MC, Yoorin MG and Yoorin semi finished) and triple superphosphate (100 mg kg-1) with three replicates. Main conclusions were: the best correlations were found between either dry matter or P taken up with Mehlich 1 and resin extraction; these two extractant solutions showed also the closest correlation (r = 0,96). The rate 200 mg kg-1 of Yoorin MC and Yoorin semi finished produced the highest dry matter yield. The highest index of agronomic efficiency, however, was achieved with Yoorin semi finished.

Um experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, em Piracicaba (SP), visando avali ar a eficiência de diferentes produtos químicos, em aplicação foliar, na taxa transpiratória e no potencial da água de folhas das plantas de seringueira (He Yea brasiliens is cv. RRIM 600) com 1,5 ano de idade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: polissulfetc, de polietileno (Good-rite peps) 0,04 %, oxietileno docosanol (Oed green) 2%, caulim (silicato de aluminio) 3%, e atrazine 50 ppm, alem do controle. Através do método da pesagem rápida de folhas desta cadas, com balança de torço tipo Jung, verificou-se a perda de água pelas plantas de seringueira foi restringida significativamente pelo anti-transpirante metabólico (atrazine) com relação ao controle, aos formadores de filme e ao refletor. Polissulfeto de polietileno apresentou as menores amplitudes de variações na taxa respiratória. Atrazine também promoveu a manutenção do potencial da água das folhas mais alto (-7,8 bars) com relação ao controle (-14,8 bars), de acordo com determinações efe tuadas através da Câmara de Scholander.

This research deals with the effects of chemicals on transpiration and water potential of Hevea brasiliens is cv. RRIM 600 on plants, with 1,5 year old, under field conditions. Rubber plants were sprayed with poliethylen e polys ulfite 0,04%, oxyethylen e docosanol 2%, kaolin 3%, atrazine 50 ppm, and check. A higher efficiency again st water loss was observed for atrazine (10,9 mg water . cm-2 . min-1) in relation to check plants (14,6 mg water . cm . min-1) at the maximum transpiration rate average. Polyethylen e polysulfite presented lower amplitude variation of the transpiration rates during the measurements at the day period. Atrazine promoted the maint enance of a higher water potential (-7,8 bars) compared to check treatment (-14,8 bars).